NeoPagans

Neopaganism is an umbrella term for contemporary religious movements that draw inspiration from ancient pagan traditions of Europe, the Mediterranean, and other regions. Adherents range from reconstructionist paths that seek to revive specific historical religions to eclectic traditions that blend myths, deities, and ritual from diverse sources. Common emphases include reverence for nature, attention to seasonal cycles, and polytheistic, animistic, or pantheistic worldviews.

Ritual practice varies widely but often features circle casting, altars, tools, invocations, and ceremonial dress. Many groups celebrate seasonal festivals collectively, sometimes called Sabbats, and follow a cyclic sense of time such as the Wheel of the Year. Magic or spellcraft is present in many but not all traditions, and ethical frameworks differ, with some drawing on a version of the Wiccan Rede or similar principles of harm minimization.

Neopaganism emerged in the 20th century, with Wicca playing a major and influential role in popularizing modern witchcraft. Reconstructionist movements developed later, aiming to revive Greek, Celtic, Norse, Germanic, or other ancient religions. The movement grew in North America and Europe alongside environmentalism, feminist spirituality, and the broader New Age milieu.

Today neopaganism encompasses numerous traditions worldwide and lacks a centralized authority. Practitioners identify as Pagan, Wiccan, Druid, Heathen, or by the specific tradition, and communities range from solitary practitioners to covens and organized churches or temples. Attitudes toward inclusivity, gender, and cultural origins vary among groups.

Scholarly and public discussions address issues such as cultural appropriation, religious pluralism, and the relationship of neopagan movements to mainstream religions.