Nenäerite

Nenäerite, or nasal discharge, is the flow of mucus from the nasal cavities. It is a common symptom that can range in appearance from clear and watery to thick and colored, and it may accompany nasal congestion, sneezing, itching, or a sore throat. The term nenäerite is used in Finnish to describe this condition.

Causes of nenäerite vary and are often viral but can also be allergic or irritant-related. Viral upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold or flu, commonly cause clear or mucoid discharge. Allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis produce intermittent or year-round nasal discharge, often with itching or sneezing. Sinusitis, nasal polyps, environmental irritants (smoke, pollution), hormonal changes, and medications can also lead to persistent or recurrent discharge. The color and consistency of the discharge can change with the underlying cause.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and physical examination. In chronic or unusual cases, a clinician may use nasal endoscopy, imaging studies, or allergy testing to identify underlying conditions such as chronic sinusitis or allergies.

Treatment depends on the cause. General measures include saline nasal irrigation, adequate fluid intake, humidification, and rest. For allergic or inflammatory causes, intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines may help. Decongestants can relieve congestion but should be used cautiously. Antibiotics are only appropriate if a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed. Overuse of nasal decongestants can worsen symptoms (rhinitis medicamentosa).

Prevention focuses on avoiding irritants, managing allergies, staying hydrated, and practicing good hand hygiene to reduce viral spread. Seek medical care if nasal discharge lasts more than about 10 days, is accompanied by high fever, facial pain, stiff neck, or shortness of breath, or if symptoms are severe or in young infants.