Nekrózisa

Nekrózisa refers to the death of cells or tissues in a living organism. This process occurs when cells are unable to maintain homeostasis, leading to irreversible damage and eventual breakdown. Necrosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, infection, lack of oxygen (ischemia), exposure to toxins, and inflammation.

There are several types of necrosis, distinguished by their macroscopic and microscopic appearances. Coagulative necrosis, common in heart and kidney tissue, is characterized by the preservation of the basic cell outline. Liquefactive necrosis, often seen in the brain and during bacterial infections, results in the tissue becoming soft, liquefied, and creamy. Caseous necrosis, typically found in tuberculosis, presents as a cheesy, white material. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose tissue, often due to pancreatic enzymes. Gangrenous necrosis is a more general term for necrosis, usually affecting a limb, and can be dry (coagulative) or wet (liquefactive).

The inflammatory response is a common feature accompanying necrosis, as the body attempts to clear the dead cells and initiate repair. However, widespread necrosis can lead to significant organ dysfunction and, if left untreated, can be life-threatening. Diagnosis often involves medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including imaging studies and biopsies. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the necrosis and managing complications.