Nefrotoksilusust

Nefrotoksilusust, or nephrotoxicity, refers to the condition where a substance damages the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste products from the blood. This can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), depending on the severity and duration of exposure. Nephrotoxicity is commonly associated with certain medications, chemicals, and environmental toxins, though it can also result from infections or autoimmune disorders.

Common causes of nephrotoxic damage include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, contrast agents used in imaging studies, and heavy metals like mercury or lead. Other risk factors include dehydration, advanced age, pre-existing kidney disease, and prolonged exposure to harmful substances. Symptoms may include reduced urine output, swelling in the legs or ankles, fatigue, nausea, confusion, and shortness of breath, though some cases progress silently until significant kidney dysfunction occurs.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as urine tests to assess kidney function and detect protein or blood in the urine. Imaging studies, such as ultrasounds or CT scans, may also be used to evaluate kidney structure. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent, managing symptoms, and supporting kidney function through hydration, dietary adjustments, and, in severe cases, dialysis.

Prevention of nephrotoxic damage involves cautious use of potentially harmful medications, proper hydration, and avoiding unnecessary exposure to known kidney toxins. Healthcare providers often monitor patients at risk, particularly those with pre-existing kidney conditions or those receiving high-risk treatments. Early intervention can help minimize long-term kidney damage and improve outcomes.