Navels

Navels, or umbilici, are the scars left on the abdomen after birth at the site where the umbilical cord connected the fetus to the placenta. The cord is clamped and cut, and the stump falls away, leaving a scar that develops into the umbilicus. In adults the navel is located roughly at the level of the L3–L4 vertebrae and varies in depth and shape.

Navels vary widely in appearance. The most common forms are innies, which are depressed indentations, and outies, which protrude above the surrounding skin. Shapes may be circular, oval, or irregular, and the surrounding skin may show creases or folds. In some infants a protruding navel may reflect a small umbilical hernia, which often resolves as the abdominal wall strengthens.

Health and anatomy considerations. Most navels are healthy and require little care. Problems can include skin irritation or infection if moisture or debris collects in the area. Umbilical infections are relatively uncommon after infancy, but an umbilical hernia or granuloma may require medical evaluation if there is persistent swelling, redness, discharge, or pain.

Care and cosmetic notes. Hygiene is usually sufficient: clean with mild soap and water, keep the area dry, and avoid irritation from clothing or jewelry. Some people choose to have a navel piercing, which carries risks of infection or scarring and should be performed by a qualified professional.

Etymology and usage. The term derives from Latin umbilicus, meaning navel. In everyday language the navels are often referred to as the belly button.