Nanotapit

Nanotapit is a proposed nanoscale device concept in the field of nanofluidics that functions as an ultra-small valve or tap to regulate the flow of fluids or ions through a nanochannel. The term is used in speculative and experimental literature to describe a tunable, point-like gating element that can meteredly release or restrict passage at the nanometer scale.

Typically, a nanotapit comprises a nanopore or nanochannel integrated with an actuation mechanism and a sensing element. The gate can be opened or closed in response to electrical, chemical, optical, or thermal signals, allowing precise control of residence time and sampling rate.

Fabrication commonly involves solid-state substrates such as silicon nitride or graphene membranes, or polymeric nanochannels, produced by lithography, drilling, or self-assembly. The device often includes feedback circuitry to maintain desired flow rates and to compensate for fluctuations inherent to nanoscale systems.

Potential applications include metered dosing in lab-on-a-chip assays, single-molecule analysis, nanopore sequencing support, targeted drug delivery, and environmental sensing. In its ideal form, a nanotapit would enable rapid, programmable, and low-volume sampling without moving parts at the macro scale.

Status and limitations: Nanotapit remains a conceptual or exploratory term rather than a standardized component across the field. Practical implementations face challenges such as fabrication variability, noise, fouling, and integration with larger microfluidic systems. Related concepts include nano-valves and nanopore gating.