Nanoklay

Nanoklay is a nanoscale layered silicate material proposed for use in polymer nanocomposites and related applications. It consists of ultrathin silicate sheets, typically a few nanometers thick with lateral dimensions on the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers, stacked into a lamellar structure. Through chemical modification, nanoklay sheets are functionalized to improve dispersibility in organic solvents or polymer matrices, often by ion exchange with organic cations or by grafting reactive groups.

Synthesis involves exfoliation of natural clays, such as montmorillonite, followed by organomodification to prevent restacking and tailor surface energy. In polymer matrices, well-dispersed nanoklays can enhance mechanical strength, modulus, and impact resistance at low loadings, and improve gas and moisture barrier properties, heat resistance, and flame retardancy due to tortuous path effects.

Applications include high-performance coatings, packaging films, and structural composites. Biomedical research has explored potential uses in drug delivery and biosensing, though practical deployment requires comprehensive safety assessment and regulatory review.

Limitations include dispersion challenges, restacking tendencies, processing compatibility, and cost. Environmental and occupational safety considerations focus on nanoparticle exposure and fate. Ongoing research aims to standardize production, characterize properties, and optimize functionalization strategies.

Nanoklay is related to broader fields of clay nanocomposites and organoclays; it shares goals with montmorillonite-based systems and other layered silicates.