Nadto

Nadto is the transliteration of the Ukrainian adverb надто, meaning “too” or “excessively.” It functions as a degree modifier, used to intensify the meaning of adjectives and other adverbs. In typical usage, nadto precedes the word it modifies, as in “Надто дорого” (Too expensive). It can also appear at the start of a clause for emphasis, though such placement is less common in everyday speech.

In Ukrainian grammar, adverbs generally do not inflect for gender, number, or case, and nadto follows this pattern. The word is part of standard vocabulary and is found in both spoken language and formal writing, including journalism and literature. It is commonly contrasted with milder intensifiers such as “дуже” (very) and stronger modifiers like “абсолютно” (absolutely), allowing speakers to calibrate degree of description.

Linguists study nadto within the broader system of degree modifiers in Ukrainian, analyzing its nuances, register, and interaction with other adverbs. While nadto is primarily associated with Ukrainian, closely related Slavic languages have their own equivalents for expressing excess or extremity, illustrating how degree words vary across languages.

See also: Ukrainian language; adverbs; grammar.