Na3Sb

Na3Sb is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium and antimony in a 3:1 ratio. In solid-state chemistry it is commonly described as a Zintl phase, where antimony exists as Sb3− and sodium cations balance the charge.

Crystal structure and bonding: Na3Sb is reported to crystallize in a cubic antifluorite-type framework, with Sb3− forming a lattice and Na+ ions occupying tetrahedral sites. Some literature indicates that the exact arrangement can vary with temperature and synthesis conditions, but the antifluorite-related motif is a common description.

Synthesis: The compound can be prepared by direct combination of stoichiometric amounts of sodium metal and antimony at elevated temperature under an inert atmosphere. It can also be formed via reduction or displacement routes using sodium metal in molten systems. Due to the reactive nature of sodium, preparation and handling are typically performed under inert conditions to prevent oxidation and hydrolysis.

Properties: Na3Sb is a hard, brittle solid with relatively high melting temperature. It is generally air- and moisture-sensitive because of its alkali content. It exhibits insulating to semiconducting electrical behavior characteristic of Zintl phases, with properties influenced by stoichiometry and defect structure.

Applications and research: The compound is mainly of interest as a model Zintl phase for studying alkali–pnictide interactions and as a potential precursor for the synthesis of other antimony-containing materials. It has been examined in laboratory studies for electronic and thermoelectric properties, but it does not have widespread commercial use.

Safety: Sodium compounds react vigorously with water and oxygen; Na3Sb should be handled under inert atmosphere with appropriate protective equipment. Antimony compounds can be toxic; avoid dust inhalation or ingestion and dispose of waste according to applicable regulations.