NPY1R

NPY1R, also known as the Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1, is a protein-coding gene. It belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and is primarily involved in mediating the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY is a peptide neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including appetite regulation, energy homeostasis, mood, anxiety, and cardiovascular function.

The NPY1R receptor is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system and in some peripheral tissues. Its activation by NPY leads to a cascade of intracellular signaling events, typically involving the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. This signaling can influence neuronal excitability and gene expression.

Research has linked NPY1R to a range of functions. In the brain, it is heavily implicated in controlling feeding behavior, promoting food intake, and influencing energy expenditure. Dysregulation of NPY1R signaling has been associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. Beyond appetite, NPY1R is also involved in stress responses, anxiety-like behaviors, and pain perception. Its presence in the cardiovascular system suggests a role in regulating blood pressure and heart rate. Due to its diverse functions, NPY1R is considered a potential therapeutic target for conditions such as obesity, depression, anxiety disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding its precise mechanisms of action and distribution continues to be an active area of scientific investigation.