NMRsignalien
NMRsignalien are resonances observed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. They arise when nuclei with nonzero spin absorb radiofrequency energy and transition between spin states in an external magnetic field. The nuclei in a sample precess at characteristic frequencies that depend on the nuclear type and its chemical environment. The detected response is recorded as a time-domain signal known as the free induction decay and, after Fourier transformation, appears as a frequency-domain spectrum composed of individual NMRsignalien.
Position, shape, and intensity of an NMRsignalien carry information about the molecule. The position, expressed as
Most commonly observed are 1H and 13C NMRsignalien. Spectra are typically referenced to internal standards such
This information makes NMRsignalien central to structure elucidation in organic chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. Advances