NEP

NEP is an acronym that may refer to several policy frameworks and programs. Notable uses include the following.

New Economic Policy (NEP), 1921–1928, in the Soviet Union. Initiated by Vladimir Lenin, the policy replaced War Communism with a mixed economy that allowed limited private enterprise and private farming while maintaining state control over banks, foreign trade, and major industries. The NEP helped stabilize the economy and restore agricultural production after the Civil War, but it was gradually phased out under Joseph Stalin, culminating in the late 1920s with a shift toward centralized planning and collectivization.

National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in India. The policy aims to transform school and higher education to improve access, equity, and quality. It introduces a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure, emphasizes foundational literacy and numeracy, and promotes mother tongue or regional language instruction at least in the early grades. It advocates greater flexibility in course structures, multi-disciplinary learning, vocational training, and expanded use of technology. A new regulatory framework for higher education and measures to enhance institutional autonomy and collaboration are also part of the reform agenda.

Other uses. The NEP acronym is also employed for various national environmental, employment, and economic policy initiatives in different countries. Because the term can refer to multiple, context-dependent concepts, precise interpretation depends on the country and policy area in question.