NDE

NDE is an acronym that can refer to different concepts depending on the context. Two of the most common meanings are Near-Death Experience and Non-Destructive Evaluation.

Near-Death Experience refers to conscious experiences reported by some people who have come close to death or were clinically dead. Common elements described include out-of-body perception, feelings of peace, a tunnel or traveling toward a light, and a life review. Experiences vary widely across individuals and cultures. The phenomenon has been studied across disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and religious studies. Explanations range from spiritual or transformative interpretations to physiological accounts involving hypoxia, neurochemical processes, or other brain activity. The topic remains debated, with ongoing research and differing methodological approaches. Organizations like the International Association for Near-Death Studies collect reports and promote dialogue, while scientists emphasize the need for rigorous evidence and careful interpretation.

Non-Destructive Evaluation, also abbreviated NDE, refers to techniques used to assess the condition, properties, or integrity of materials, components, or structures without causing damage. Common methods include radiography (X-ray), ultrasonics, eddy current testing, magnetic particle testing, dye penetrant testing, and infrared thermography. NDE is essential in industries such as aerospace, nuclear, energy, automotive, construction, and manufacturing to detect flaws, corrosion, fatigue, or misalignments. Standards and training are important, with guidance provided by organizations and standards bodies such as ASTM and ISO. The goal is to ensure safety, reliability, and performance while preserving the tested object.