Mälukorraldus

Mälukorraldus, also known as memory management, is a critical aspect of computer science and system design. It refers to the process of managing a computer's memory resources, ensuring that programs and data are efficiently stored and retrieved. Memory management involves several key functions, including allocation, deallocation, and protection of memory spaces.

In operating systems, memory management is typically handled by the kernel, which allocates memory to processes as needed and ensures that each process has access only to its designated memory space. This is crucial for maintaining system stability and security. Techniques such as paging, segmentation, and virtual memory are commonly used to manage memory efficiently.

Paging involves dividing memory into fixed-size blocks called pages, which are then mapped to physical memory. Segmentation, on the other hand, divides memory into variable-sized segments based on logical divisions of a program. Virtual memory extends the physical memory by using a combination of RAM and disk storage, allowing systems to run programs that require more memory than is physically available.

Memory management also includes garbage collection, a process used in programming languages like Java and Python to automatically free up memory that is no longer in use. This helps prevent memory leaks and optimizes resource utilization.

Effective memory management is essential for the performance and reliability of computer systems. It ensures that memory is used efficiently, reducing the likelihood of errors and improving overall system responsiveness. Advances in memory management techniques continue to be an active area of research, driven by the increasing complexity and demands of modern computing environments.