Mykose

Mykose, or mycosis, is a medical term for fungal infections caused by fungi. These infections can affect the skin, nails, mucous membranes, or internal organs, and range from mild superficial conditions to serious systemic diseases. The fungi responsible include dermatophytes, yeasts such as Candida, and molds; infections can be acquired through contact with contaminated surfaces, person-to-person spread, or inhalation of spores.

Classifications of mykose reflect the location and depth of infection. Superficial mycoses involve the skin, hair, or nails and include tinea infections (such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, and jock itch) caused mainly by dermatophytes. Mucosal candidiasis affects moist surfaces like the mouth, genitals, and throat. Subcutaneous mycoses occur beneath the skin after traumatic implantation and are less common. Systemic or deep mycoses involve internal organs and can occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and others.

Diagnosis typically combines clinical examination with laboratory tests. Microscopy (for example, potassium hydroxide prep), fungal culture, and histopathology help identify the organism. In some cases, PCR tests or imaging are used, especially for systemic infections.

Treatment depends on the site and severity. Superficial infections are often managed with topical antifungals (azoles or allylamines). More extensive or systemic infections may require oral or intravenous antifungals such as fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, or amphotericin B, with treatment duration varying by infection type. Prevention focuses on good hygiene, dry skin, avoiding shared personal items, and managing underlying health conditions. Prognosis is generally favorable for superficial mycoses but can be serious for systemic infections in vulnerable individuals.