Myceliumbased

Mycelium-based materials are a class of biofabricated materials derived from the mycelium network of fungi. They are produced by inoculating a substrate—often agricultural waste—with fungal cultures, allowing the mycelium to colonize the substrate within molds. After growth, the composite is dried and sometimes heat-treated to halt further growth, producing a stable material.

Production varies by species and substrate, but common choices include Pleurotus ostreatus or Ganoderma species and substrates such as sawdust, straw, or agricultural byproducts. The process emphasizes low-energy growth, minimal binding agents, and customization through mold geometry and incubation time. The final material is typically lightweight, with a porous microstructure that can be tuned for density and strength.

Properties: Mycelium-based materials are generally lightweight, with good thermal and acoustic insulation and potential for biodegradability. Their mechanical properties can be tailored, but moisture sensitivity and variability between batches can be concerns. Fire performance and long-term durability are active research areas and depend on treatment and formulation.

Applications: packaging replacements for foams, insulation panels, brick-like composites for construction, and leather-like textiles or composites for consumer goods. They are also explored for acoustic tiles and furniture components, often aimed at reducing reliance on petrochemical plastics.

Advantages and challenges: Potentially renewable, with low embodied energy and waste valorization. End-of-life compostability is a key benefit. Challenges include scaling production, ensuring consistent quality, moisture management, and regulatory acceptance as building materials or products. Ongoing research seeks to standardize methods, improve fire resistance, and broaden commercial availability.