Munasarjasyöpien

Munasarjasyöpien refers to cancers that originate in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive glands responsible for producing eggs and hormones. These cancers are a significant health concern for women, and their development can be influenced by a variety of factors.

The exact cause of most ovarian cancers is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. These include a woman's age, with risk increasing after menopause, a personal or family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, and certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Early onset of menstruation and late onset of menopause are also associated with a higher risk, as is a lack of pregnancy. Conversely, factors like having children and using oral contraceptives can reduce the risk.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague and may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common signs include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and urinary symptoms such as urgency or frequency. Because these symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions, diagnosis can sometimes be delayed.

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, blood tests to detect tumor markers like CA-125, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. A biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type and stage of the cancer.

Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the stage and type of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Options commonly include surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, along with chemotherapy. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are also increasingly used. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.