Mugil

Mugil is a genus of fish in the family Mugilidae, commonly known as mullets. They inhabit coastal and estuarine environments in warm-temperate and tropical waters around the world. The genus contains numerous species, with Mugil cephalus (the flathead mullet) among the best known and most widely distributed.

Mullets typically have elongated, fusiform bodies with a relatively small mouth located on the underside, adapted for detrital and bottom feeding. They possess two dorsal fins and a deeply forked caudal fin. Coloration is generally silvery gray, though species vary in pattern and hue. Size varies among species, from smaller forms to larger individuals reaching substantial lengths.

Ecology and life history: Mullets are omnivorous, feeding on a mix of detritus, algae, and small invertebrates. Many species undertake migrations between marine or coastal waters and brackish or freshwater habitats to spawn. Eggs and larvae are usually pelagic, with juveniles often utilizing estuaries or rivers before assimilating into adult habitats.

Distribution and habitat: Mullets are found in coastal seas, estuaries, lagoons, and river mouths across tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They are typically associated with areas where salinity varies and where abundant detrital material and vegetation support feeding.

Economic and conservation notes: Mullets are important for commercial and subsistence fisheries in many regions and are used in various culinary traditions. Some species contribute to aquaculture or coastal ecosystem services. Overfishing, habitat degradation, and water quality issues threaten local mullet populations in restricted areas, prompting management measures in several countries.