Mucoperichondrium

Mucoperichondrium is the composite lining formed by the mucous membrane and the perichondrium that covers cartilage. It is most commonly described in cartilaginous structures of the head and neck, particularly the nasal septum and the alar cartilages, where the mucosa is tightly bound to the underlying cartilage by the perichondrium. The term can also apply to mucosal coverings of other cartilaginous areas, such as parts of the auricle or laryngeal cartilages.

Structurally, the mucoperichondrium consists of an epithelial layer of mucous membrane, usually respiratory-type epithelium with goblet cells, supported by a lamina propria, and the underlying perichondrium, a fibrous connective tissue sheath with an inner cellular layer. The perichondrium supplies blood vessels and nutrients to the relatively avascular cartilage, supporting growth and repair. The mucosal component contributes to humidification, filtration, and mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity.

Clinically, the mucoperichondrium is important in nasal surgery and reconstruction. It is frequently mobilized as a flap (mucoperichondrial flap) for repair of septal perforations or defects, taking advantage of its vascularity. Injury or inflammation involving this layer can lead to complications such as septal hematoma, which may impair cartilage nourishment if not promptly treated.

Overall, mucoperichondrium plays a key role in the nourishment and protection of cartilage while participating in the regional mucosal functions of the head and neck.