Msza

Msza, short for Msza Święta, is the central liturgical celebration of the Catholic Church in Polish-speaking contexts, particularly in Poland. The Mass commemorates the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ and makes present the Paschal Mystery through the Eucharist. During the service a consecration of bread and wine is believed by Catholics to transform them into the Body and Blood of Christ, which is then distributed to the faithful in Holy Communion.

Etymology: The term msza derives from the Latin missa, linked to the dismissal formula “Ite, missa est” spoken at the end of the service. The English word Mass shares the same root.

Structure and elements: A typical Mass follows four principal parts: Introductory Rites, Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of the Eucharist, and Concluding Rites. It includes readings from Scripture, a homily, prayers of the faithful, the offering, the Eucharistic Prayer, and the reception of Communion. The celebrant, usually a priest, presides over the rites, while the faithful participate through responses, song, and prayer.

Context in Poland: In Polish practice, Msza święta is normally celebrated in Polish, with Latin or other languages used in specific communities or older forms. Since the Second Vatican Council, the Mass has emphasized active participation and is typically conducted in the local language. Sunday Mass commonly serves as a central weekly worship and community event for parishioners in many towns and villages.

Further notes: The term can also refer to Latin-rite celebrations or have variations in other Christian traditions, where the equivalent liturgy is known as the Divine Liturgy or the Eucharistic celebration.