Mrtvice

Mrtvice is the Czech term for stroke, a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain that causes neurological symptoms. It is classified mainly as ischemic, caused by a blockage of a brain artery, or hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding from a vessel. A related condition is a transient ischemic attack (TIA), a temporary loss of function that signals risk of a future stroke.

Causes include atherosclerosis, cardioembolism from atrial fibrillation or heart valve disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol. Ischemic strokes account for the majority of cases; hemorrhagic strokes result from rupture of intracerebral vessels or subarachnoid bleeding.

Symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (usually on one side), confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, dizziness, loss of balance, and a severe headache. Symptoms typically appear without warning and constitute a medical emergency.

Diagnosis relies on urgent clinical assessment and brain imaging, usually CT or MRI, to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment aims to restore blood flow or control bleeding and prevent complications. Ischemic stroke may be treated with thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator within a time window and, in selected patients, mechanical thrombectomy. Hemorrhagic stroke requires blood pressure control, reversal of anticoagulation, and sometimes surgical intervention. Rehabilitation is important for recovery.

Prevention focuses on controlling risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and cholesterol, and may include antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Prognosis varies with stroke type and severity; early treatment and rehabilitation improve outcomes, while some individuals sustain long-term disability.