Monako

Monako is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the Mediterranean coast of Western Europe, commonly referred to as Monaco in many languages. It is bordered by France on three sides and the sea to the south. Covering about 2.02 square kilometers, it is the second smallest independent state in the world after Vatican City and has a population of around 39,000, making it one of the most densely populated countries.

The principality is a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Prince of Monako. The government is headed by the Minister of State, typically a French citizen appointed by the prince. The unicameral National Council has 24 members elected for five-year terms, and the prince retains substantial executive and legislative influence. Monako has a long-standing treaty relationship with France and maintains a close economic alignment with the French state.

Economy: Monako has a highly developed, service-based economy with finance, real estate, tourism, and events as major sectors. It uses the euro as its de facto currency, even though it is not a member of the European Union. The principality is famous for its luxury tourism, the Monte Carlo district, Monte Carlo Casino, and the annual Formula One Monaco Grand Prix.

Geography and culture: The terrain is coastal with hills, and the climate is mild Mediterranean. Official language is French; Italian and English are widely used in commerce and tourism. Notable sights include the Prince's Palace in Monaco-Ville and the Oceanographic Museum. Access is via road from France or by air via Nice, France; Monako also has a small heliport.