Molène

Molène, also known as Mullein, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae. There are roughly 300 species within the Molène genus, native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. These plants are commonly found in disturbed habitats such as roadsides, fields, and waste areas, often preferring sandy or gravelly soils.

A distinguishing characteristic of many Molène species is their soft, fuzzy leaves and stems, which are covered in dense hairs. This pubescence helps to reduce water loss and protect the plant from herbivores. The flowers are typically yellow or white, appearing in tall spikes. The most common species, Verbascum thapsus, is known as Great Mullein and is a biennial plant that grows a rosette of large leaves in its first year and a tall flowering stalk in its second.

Historically, Molène has been used in traditional medicine for various ailments. The leaves have been employed as a remedy for respiratory issues like coughs and bronchitis, and also for skin irritations. The fine hairs from the leaves have been used to create a makeshift filter for smoking devices. Certain species have also been used to stun fish, a practice known as "mullein poisoning" of fish. The plant's seeds contain rotenone, a natural insecticide.

While some species are considered weeds due to their invasive potential in certain regions, Molène is also valued for its ornamental qualities and its role in attracting pollinators. Its resilience and adaptability make it a widespread and recognizable plant in many landscapes.