mullein

Mullein is the common name for plants in the genus Verbascum, a group of flowering herbs in the family Scrophulariaceae. There are about 250 species, distributed across the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and northern Africa and naturalized in other regions. The most familiar species is Verbascum thapsus, commonly called great mullein.

Mullein species are typically biennials. In the first year they form a low rosette of large, woolly, gray-green leaves. In the second year they send a tall flowering stalk, usually 1 to 2 meters high, bearing a dense spike of yellow flowers.

Habitat and distribution: Native to Europe and western Asia, mullein has been widely introduced elsewhere and is common in disturbed soils such as roadsides, fields, and wasteland. It tolerates a range of soils and sunny positions.

Uses: In traditional herbal medicine, mullein has been used as a demulcent and mild cough remedy; preparations from leaves and flowers, including teas and tinctures, and flower oil used topically for ear conditions. Scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and it should not substitute professional medical advice.

Cultivation and ecology: It grows best in full sun and well-drained soil, and readily self-seeds. It can become invasive or a weed in favorable climates. The flowers attract bees and other pollinators, contributing to local biodiversity.

Safety: People with plant allergies should exercise caution, and products should be used according to directions. Consult a healthcare professional before use, especially for children, pregnant or nursing individuals, or if taking other medications.