Mohoidae

Mohoidae is a family of extinct birds that were endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This family comprised four species, all of which are now extinct: the Bishop's oʻo (Moho bishopi), the Hawaiian oʻo (Moho braccatus), the Kauai oʻo (Moho braccatus), and the Oahu oʻo (Moho apicalis). The oʻo birds were relatively large, passerine birds, notable for their distinctive black and yellow plumage.

These birds were once found in the montane forests of Hawaii. Their diet consisted primarily of nectar from native Hawaiian lobeliads and insects. Their long, decurved bills were well-suited for reaching into these flowers. Mohoidae also played a role in the pollination of these plants.

The extinction of all Mohoidae species is attributed to a combination of factors, including habitat loss due to introduced livestock and agriculture, introduced diseases, and overhunting. The last confirmed sighting of any oʻo species was in 1987 for the Kauai oʻo. Their extinction represents a significant loss to the biodiversity of the Hawaiian Islands and highlights the vulnerability of island endemic species.