ModelViewPresenter

Model-view-presenter (MVP) is a user interface architectural pattern that separates the concerns of data handling, UI rendering, and user interaction. The model represents the domain data and business logic, the view is responsible for displaying information and collecting user input, and the presenter acts as an intermediary that handles UI events, interacts with the model, and updates the view.

In MVP, the view is typically represented by an interface implemented by a concrete UI component such as a form or page. The presenter holds a reference to this view interface and to the model, containing the UI logic required to respond to user actions. The view is generally passive, delegating input handling to the presenter and exposing methods the presenter calls to update the display.

There are two common variants. Passive View minimizes the logic within the view itself and relies on the presenter to drive all UI updates, using a strict interface for interaction. Supervising Controller (or Supervising Presenter) allows the view to handle some user input and provide a higher level of UI behavior, while the presenter coordinates the overall response.

Benefits of MVP include improved testability and maintainability, since the presenter can be unit tested independently of the UI, and the UI can be swapped or reformatted with minimal impact on business logic. It also supports multiple views of the same data and clearer separation of concerns. Trade-offs include additional boilerplate code and sometimes more complex wiring between components, which can be less suitable for small or highly dynamic interfaces compared with lighter-weight patterns. MVP remains in use in desktop, web, and mobile applications where strong UI testability is desired.