Miltefosin

Miltefosin is an orally administered alkylphosphocholine drug used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. It is also used to treat a rare form of lymphoma called cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Miltefosin works by disrupting the cell membranes of the Leishmania parasite, leading to its death. It also has immunomodulatory effects that may contribute to its efficacy.

The drug was originally developed as an anticancer agent but later found to be effective against Leishmania parasites. Miltefosin is approved for use in several countries for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Its oral administration makes it a convenient option, especially in resource-limited settings where injectable treatments may be difficult to administer.

Common side effects of miltefosin include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other reported side effects include headache, dizziness, and skin rash. While generally well-tolerated, it is important to monitor patients for adverse reactions. Miltefosin is contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women.

The development and availability of miltefosin have been crucial in addressing the global burden of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions worldwide. Its efficacy and oral route of administration have improved treatment outcomes and patient adherence compared to older, more toxic therapies. Ongoing research continues to explore its potential in treating other parasitic infections and cancers.