Milchsekrete

Milchsekrete refers to the secretions produced by the mammary glands of female mammals for feeding offspring. In humans and many other species, milk is produced by specialized secretory cells in the alveoli of the mammary gland and is transported through a ductal system to the nipple.

Anatomy and physiology: Alveolar secretory cells synthesize milk components and release them into the alveolar lumen. Myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli contract in response to oxytocin, propelling milk through ducts in a process known as the let-down reflex. Lactation is regulated by hormones such as prolactin, which promotes milk synthesis, and oxytocin, which triggers milk ejection. Removal of milk through suckling or milking maintains production via a feedback mechanism.

Composition: Milk comprises water, lactose, fats, and proteins (casein and whey proteins), along with minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and immune factors. Colostrum, produced in the first days after birth, is richer in proteins and antibodies and differs from mature milk in composition and immunological content.

Physiological and practical aspects: Lactation occurs in stages—colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk—and varies with species, stage of lactation, nutrition, and health status of the mother. In dairy production, milk is collected and often pasteurized and processed for human consumption. Clinical considerations include mastitis, galactorrhea, and issues related to insufficient or excessive milk production, all of which affect the quantity and quality of Milchsekrete.