Mikrogridek

Mikrogridek is a term used to describe a localized electricity network capable of operating either in parallel with the wider grid or independently in island mode. It integrates distributed energy resources, energy storage, and controllable loads under a unified control system.

Key components include distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaic arrays, small wind turbines, microturbines or fuel cells, battery storage, and flexible or demand-responsive loads. A microgrid also relies on power electronics, sensors, and a dedicated microgrid controller or energy management system to coordinate generation and consumption.

Microgrids can operate in grid-connected mode, islanded mode, or seamless transitions between the two. They use hierarchical control strategies, including local droop control for stability and centralized or distributed optimization for resource scheduling. Protection systems must ensure safe islanding, synchronization with the main grid, and rapid response to disturbances.

Benefits include improved resilience during outages, reduced energy losses and peak demand, better integration of renewable energy, and potential cost savings for institutions or remote communities. Microgrids are often deployed at campuses, hospitals, industrial sites, data centers, or remote facilities where reliable power supply is critical.

Common challenges involve high capital costs, regulatory and interconnection hurdles, cybersecurity, and the need for advanced protection and communication schemes. Standards and best practices from bodies such as IEEE and IEC help guide interconnection, protection, and interoperability, promoting safe and reliable operation across diverse environments.