Mikrofony
Mikrofony (microphones) are devices that convert acoustic energy into electrical signals. They are fundamental in recording, broadcasting, and telecommunication. Mikrofony differ by principle and construction, with the main types being dynamic, condenser (capacitor), and ribbon, as well as variants such as electret and contact microphones.
Dynamic microphones use a diaphragm attached to a coil mounted in a magnetic field. Sound moves the
Condenser microphones use a diaphragm that forms one plate of a capacitor. The capacitor is charged by
Ribbon microphones use a very thin metal ribbon in a magnetic field. They tend to have smooth,
Directionality: many mikrofony are omnidirectional, cardioid, supercardioid, or figure-8, shaping how sound from different directions is
History and use: carbon microphones were early telephonic devices; dynamic and condenser designs dominated studios in
See also: microphone pickup patterns, phantom power, impedance, polar patterns.