supercardioid

Supercardioid is a microphone polar pattern characterized by a strong forward sensitivity with a distinct rear lobe. The design yields greater directionality than a standard cardioid while maintaining some sensitivity to sounds arriving from behind.

The pattern features a pronounced front lobe and a small rear lobe, typically at about 110 degrees off axis. Because of the rear lobe, a supercardioid mic is not completely immune to sound arriving from behind; it offers better rejection from the sides than cardioid in many directions, though there is still some pickup from behind.

Common applications include live vocal mics on stage, where ambient noise and audience chatter are a concern, and some instrument mics where isolation is desired. Placement is important: aim the front toward the desired source and keep other loud sources outside the rear-lobe area, such as stage monitors or loud backline.

Compared with cardioid, supercardioid provides higher forward gain and improved rejection of off-axis sounds from the sides, at the cost of some rear sensitivity. It is generally considered to sit between cardioid and hypercardioid in its degree of directionality, offering a balance that suits controlled environments and performances where back noise needs to be managed but complete rear rejection is not required.

Practical considerations include susceptibility to wind and handling noise, as well as the potential for monitor bleed if a loud source lies within the rear lobe. Proper positioning and wind protection help maximize its benefits.