Mikrofonering

Mikrofonering is the process of capturing sound with one or more microphones for recording, broadcast, or live sound reinforcement. It involves selecting suitable microphones, placing them relative to the sound source, and considering room acoustics and signal processing to produce a faithful and usable recording.

Microphones vary in type and polar pattern. Dynamic microphones handle high sound pressure levels and tend to be rugged and affordable. Condenser microphones are more sensitive and require power, providing detail and a wider frequency response. Ribbon mics offer smooth highs but are fragile and niche in use. Common patterns include cardioid, which picks from the front, and figure‑eight or hypercardioid variants.

Placement methods aim to balance direct sound and ambience. Close miking reduces room reflections and feedback, with typical vocal distances around 10 to 30 cm. Distant or room miking captures ambience for a sense of space. Pop filters, windscreens, and shock mounts help control plosives and mechanical noise.

Stereo and multi-mic techniques include XY, near-coincident, ORTF, and spaced pairs. These methods create a sense of stereo image while avoiding phase problems. Always check mono compatibility and perform phase alignment when combining mics.

Practical considerations include phantom power for condensers, impedance matching, and mic stands or isolation to minimize vibration. Careful cable routing, power safety, and appropriate room treatment improve recording quality and reduce noise.

Mikrofonering is essential in music production, broadcasting, and live sound, with choices driven by source, environment, and desired balance of direct sound and space.