Midshipmen

Midshipman is a naval officer candidate designation used in several countries. In the Royal Navy, a midshipman is an entry-level officer cadet undergoing initial officer training. In the United States, the term refers to students at the U.S. Naval Academy or in Navy ROTC programs who are training to become commissioned officers. The role combines academics, seamanship, leadership, and military drill, with practical sea training often included.

Origin and usage: The term dates from the age of sail. A midshipman was originally a junior officer trainee serving on a ship, learning from commissioned officers; over time it became the formal designation for officer candidates in certain navies. The exact duties, status, and progression vary by country and service.

Training and duties: Royal Navy midshipmen train at Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth, focusing on navigation, seamanship, gunnery, engineering, and leadership, and they undertake sea terms aboard ships. In the United States, midshipmen attend the Naval Academy or participate in NROTC programs, combining college study with naval science, ethics, and leadership education; they undertake summer cruises and other practical aboard-ship experiences. The overarching aim is to develop the competencies required for commissioned officer service.

Rank and progression: In the Royal Navy, the midshipman appointment is the entry point for officer service, with progression to the rank of sub-lieutenant after completing training. In the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, a midshipman remains a student status until graduation, at which time they are commissioned as officers (Ensign in the Navy; Second Lieutenant or equivalent in the Marine Corps). The use of the title reflects a tradition shared by several maritime forces.