Microtribology
Microtribology is the study of friction, wear, and lubrication at micro- to nanoscale interfaces. It focuses on how surface forces and contact mechanics differ at small scales from those observed in bulk contacts, driven by high surface-to-volume ratios, adhesion, capillary and electrostatic forces, and the elastic or plastic response of materials in tiny contact areas.
It covers phenomena such as adhesion-controlled contact, size effects, and tribochemical reactions that can alter surface
Measurement and characterization rely on specialized tools: atomic force microscopy and lateral or friction force microscopy
Applications include MEMS and NEMS devices where stiction, adhesion, and wear limit performance; data storage heads;
Challenges include reproducing macro-scale lubrication behavior at micro scales, controlling environmental effects such as humidity, wear