Microdontinae

Microdontinae is a subfamily of hoverflies (family Syrphidae). The group is best known for its myrmecophilous larvae, which develop inside the nests of ants. In most species, immature stages inhabit ant colonies, where their diet can include ant brood or detritus found in the nest. Through chemical or behavioral mimicry, and other adaptations, the larvae integrate into the colony and avoid being attacked by the ants. Pupation typically occurs within the nest or in the surrounding soil, with adults emerging after metamorphosis.

Adults are usually small to medium in size and can resemble ants or other small wasps, although some species display more typical hoverfly coloration and patterning. Like other Syrphidae, adults are often diurnal and visit flowers for nectar and pollen, contributing to pollination. The ecological breadth of Microdontinae ranges from tropical to temperate regions, and many species inhabit forested or disturbed habitats where ant communities are present.

Taxonomy and classification have undergone changes over time. Microdontinae comprises several genera, with Microdon being the best known. The group was once treated as a separate family, Microdontidae, but contemporary classifications place it within Syrphidae based on morphological and molecular evidence. The taxonomy of the subfamily remains challenging, and many species are described from limited material, with ongoing revisions expected.

Ecology and significance: due to their specialized association with ants, microdontines are important for studies of insect social interactions, chemical ecology, and soil ecosystem dynamics. They can serve as indicators of healthy ant and habitat communities, and their conservation is linked to the preservation of ant nests and associated habitats.