Metüülbromiidi

Metüülbromiidi, also known as bromomethane, is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula CH3Br. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure, although it is often handled as a liquid under pressure. Historically, metüülbromiidi was widely used as a fumigant for pest control, particularly in agriculture for soil sterilization and in the treatment of stored goods like grains and lumber. It was also employed as a refrigerant and in fire suppression systems.

The effectiveness of metüülbromiidi as a fumigant stems from its toxicity to a broad spectrum of pests, including insects, nematodes, fungi, and weed seeds. Its ability to penetrate soil and materials made it a powerful tool for controlling infestations. However, concerns about its environmental impact, particularly its ozone-depleting potential, led to significant international regulations.

Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the production and consumption of metüülbromiidi have been phased out in developed countries and are being phased out in developing countries. This global agreement aims to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, which shields life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. While its use has been restricted, some limited exemptions for critical uses where no suitable alternatives exist may still be permitted in certain circumstances. The chemical is highly toxic to humans and requires careful handling and protective measures.