Metallografiske

Metallografiske, commonly referred to as metallography in English, is the study of the microstructure of metals and alloys. It combines specimen preparation, imaging, and quantitative analysis to reveal features such as grains, phase distribution, inclusions, and defects. The goal is to relate microstructure to mechanical properties and service performance.

The process begins with preparing a representative specimen, typically a small cut from the material, which is mounted in resin, ground with abrasive papers, and polished to a mirror finish. Chemical etchants are then applied to reveal grain boundaries and phase contrasts. Different alloys require different etchants, and the preparation aims to minimize artifacts that could obscure true microstructure.

Observation is usually by optical microscopy for low magnification and larger features, while scanning electron microscopy provides higher resolution imaging of fine details. Additional techniques include electron backscatter diffraction for crystal orientation and grain size, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis. Image analysis software can quantify grain size, phase fractions, and texture, supporting objective comparisons between samples and heat treatments.

Applications include quality control during manufacturing, failure analysis of components, evaluation of heat treatments and alloy systems, and research into material design. Metallographic data support material property predictions, process optimization, and verification that products meet specified standards.