Metalli

Metalli is the Finnish word for metal. In a broad sense, metals are elements or alloys that exhibit metallic bonding, which gives them high electrical and thermal conductivity, luster, ductility, and malleability. They are commonly solids at room temperature, with notable exceptions such as mercury.

Metals are commonly divided into ferrous metals, which contain iron, and nonferrous metals, which do not. Examples include iron and steel; aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel, tin, and titanium; as well as precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum. Alloys—combinations of metals or metals with other elements, such as steel (iron and carbon) or bronze (copper and tin)—are widely used to tailor properties like strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.

Extraction and processing of metals typically begin with mining ore, followed by smelting and refining to obtain usable metal. Further steps include alloying, heat treatment, and shaping through machining, forging, or casting. Metals are often recycled efficiently, which reduces environmental impact and conserves energy and resources.

Historically, metals have played a central role in technology and industry. The Bronze Age and Iron Age are landmark periods reflecting shifts in toolmaking and societal organization. Today, metals underpin construction, transportation, electronics, energy infrastructure, and many consumer and industrial products. Industry continues to optimize performance while addressing challenges such as resource availability, energy use, and environmental impact through improved mining practices, conservation, and recycling.