Menopaasi

Menopaasi, commonly called menopause in many languages, is a natural biological transition that marks the end of a person’s reproductive years. It results from a progressive decline in ovarian function and estrogen production, leading to permanent cessation of menstruation. Most individuals experience menopause between ages 45 and 55, with the average around 51, though timing varies widely.

The transition begins with perimenopause, during which menstrual cycles become irregular and hormone levels fluctuate. This phase lasts several years before menopause, defined as 12 consecutive months without menses. Afterward, the condition is referred to as postmenopause.

Symptoms vary but commonly include hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal dryness, and discomfort during intercourse. Mood changes, changes in libido, weight gain, and cognitive effects are also reported. Some individuals have few or mild symptoms.

Health considerations after menopause include a higher risk of osteoporosis and fractures and potential changes in cardiovascular risk. Preventive strategies emphasize bone health (calcium and vitamin D, exercise), healthy lifestyle, and regular screening. Treatments for symptoms include hormonal therapy for eligible individuals and nonhormonal options as appropriate.

Management is individualized and discussed with a healthcare professional. The aim is to relieve symptoms, reduce health risks, and support quality of life during the postmenopausal years.