Menkul

Menkul is a Turkish term referring to movable property. In Turkish law, it denotes assets that can be physically moved, in contrast to real property (gayrimenkul), which is immovable. Movable assets encompass tangible goods such as vehicles, equipment, inventory, and jewelry, as well as certain intangible rights that can be transferred, including receivables and some financial instruments like securities.

Different categories fall under the umbrella of menkul. Tangible movables include consumer goods, machinery, and other physical items. Intangible movables can include rights that are transferable or represent claims, such as certain financial instruments and, in particular, menkul kıymetleri (securities) like stocks and bonds, which are traded in financial markets.

Transfer of ownership or title for movables is generally achieved through delivery and agreement between parties. Some classes require formal procedures or registrations, such as motor vehicles (which must be registered with the relevant authorities), ships, or aircraft. Movable assets can also be encumbered by security interests, such as a lien or pledge (taşınır rehini), to secure obligations. Mortgage-like protections typically apply to real property, whereas movables have separate mechanisms for securing interests.

In finance, the term menkul kıymetler denotes securities that represent claims, equities, or debt instruments and are regulated by relevant financial authorities. These instruments are distinct from real estate and are often traded on organized markets overseen by authorities such as the Capital Markets Board (SPK) and stock exchanges.

Overall, the distinction between menkul and gayrimenkul affects legal requirements, taxation, registration, and transfer procedures. The concept is used across civil, commercial, and financial contexts to separate movable assets from immovable property.