Meniscussletsels

Meniscussletsels is a term used to describe damage to the knee’s menisci, two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous discs that cushion the joint. The medial and lateral menisci sit between the femur and tibia, helping to distribute load, absorb shock, stabilize the knee, and lubricate the joint. A lesion can range from minor fraying to full-thickness tears and may occur in isolation or with other knee injuries.

Causes of meniscal lesions include twisting or pivoting movements with the foot planted, direct impact to the knee, or degenerative wear in older adults. They are common in athletes but also occur in nonathletes, especially with age. Degenerative meniscal changes may present with intermittent discomfort and gradual swelling.

Patients typically experience knee pain along the joint line, swelling within 24 to 48 hours, and mechanical symptoms such as catching, locking, or a feeling of the knee giving way. Physical examination may reveal joint line tenderness and signs such as the McMurray or Thessaly tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred method to confirm a tear and identify its location and pattern; X-rays can help exclude other knee disorders.

Tears are classified by pattern (vertical longitudinal, radial, horizontal, oblique, bucket-handle) and by vascular location (red-red outside, red-white, white-white inside). Healing potential is greater in the vascular outer third.

Treatment ranges from nonoperative to surgical. Nonoperative care includes rest, ice, compression, elevation, NSAIDs, and physical therapy focused on range of motion and quadriceps strengthening. Surgical options include arthroscopic debridement or partial meniscectomy to remove torn tissue, and meniscal repair when feasible, particularly in younger patients with favorable tear patterns. In degenerative cases, treatment may focus on symptom relief and rehabilitation rather than repair. Complications can include persistent pain and an increased risk of osteoarthritis over time.