Mellékvesekortikoszteroidok

Mellékvesekortikoszteroidok, often referred to as corticosteroids, are a group of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands. These hormones play a crucial role in a wide range of physiological processes in the body. The two primary types of corticosteroids are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are primarily involved in regulating metabolism, suppressing the immune system, and reducing inflammation. They affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, helping to maintain blood glucose levels and respond to stress. Their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties make them vital in treating conditions like asthma, autoimmune diseases, and allergic reactions.

Mineralocorticoids, with aldosterone being the most significant, are mainly responsible for regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to promote the reabsorption of sodium and water, while excreting potassium. This action helps to maintain fluid balance and blood volume within the body.

The production of these hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland through a feedback mechanism. Imbalances in corticosteroid levels can lead to various medical conditions. Insufficient production, as seen in Addison's disease, can cause fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Conversely, excessive production, as in Cushing's syndrome, can result in weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Synthetic corticosteroids are also widely used as medications to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.