Mekanika

Mekanika is a branch of physics that studies the motion of bodies under external forces and the internal response of materials. It provides models that relate forces, masses, and accelerations to describe how objects move and how deformable media respond to loading. In broad terms, Mekanika covers both statics (the study of systems in equilibrium) and dynamics (the study of motion), and it underpins most engineering disciplines.

Historically, Mekanika emerged from observations of motion and force, matured with Isaac Newton's laws, and evolved through formulations such as Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. Classical mechanics treats macroscopic bodies at everyday speeds, while relativistic mechanics extends to high speeds near the speed of light, and quantum mechanics describes motion at atomic and subatomic scales.

Subfields include rigid-body mechanics, continuum mechanics (which encompasses solid mechanics and fluid mechanics), and thermomechanics. Continuum mechanics models deformable solids and fluids using field variables like stress, strain, and velocity. Computational mechanics uses numerical methods such as finite element analysis to solve complex problems.

Applications of Mekanika are widespread, including construction and civil engineering, aerospace and automotive design, robotics, biomechanics, geophysics, and material science. The field also intersects with mathematics and computational science, providing fundamental tools for simulation, analysis, and optimization of physical systems.