Meghalaya

Meghalaya is a state in northeastern India bordered by Assam to the north and east and by Bangladesh to the south and west. The state’s capital and largest city is Shillong. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972, when it became a full state under the North Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, partitioned from the state of Assam.

Meghalaya covers the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo hills, forming part of the Meghalaya plateau. The state's rainy climate, especially in the southwest, contributes to some of the world’s highest rainfall levels; Cherrapunji and Mawsynram have recorded extreme rainfall. The Umiam Lake near Shillong supplies water and hydroelectric potential, and living root bridges and deep river valleys are notable features. Balpakram National Park preserves biodiversity.

The population comprises Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia communities, along with smaller groups. The Khasi and Jaintia hills and Garo Hills are the main cultural regions. The official language is English, with Khasi, Garo, and Pnar widely spoken. The majority of residents identify as Christians, with Hindu and other communities also present. Rich folk music, dance, and festivals such as Wangala (Garos), Shad Suk Mynsiem (Khasi), and Behdienkhlam (Jaintia) are celebrated.

Economy and environment: Agriculture remains the main livelihood, including rice and maize cultivation, horticulture, and cash crops. Tourism is important, centered on its landscapes, living root bridges, caves, and biodiversity. The state has hydropower potential and several small-scale industries. Meghalaya pursues forest conservation and eco-tourism.