Megalodon

The megalodon, whose scientific name is Otodus megalodon, was an extinct species of mackerel shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago. It is one of the largest and most powerful predators that ever lived. Fossil evidence suggests that megalodon was a cosmopolitan species, found in waters worldwide. Its name, meaning "big tooth," is derived from its enormous fossilized teeth, which can measure over 7 inches long. These teeth are the most common fossils attributed to megalodon.

Scientists reconstruct the appearance and size of megalodon based on its teeth and fossilized vertebrae. Estimates for its length vary, but many researchers suggest it could have reached lengths of up to 20 meters (65 feet), with some estimates going even higher. Its body shape is thought to have resembled that of a modern great white shark, though likely more robust. Megalodon's diet likely consisted of large marine animals such as whales, seals, and other sharks. Its massive size and powerful bite force would have made it an apex predator in its environment.

The extinction of megalodon is a subject of ongoing scientific debate. Several factors may have contributed to its demise, including changes in ocean temperatures, the decline of its prey species, and increased competition from other predators like killer whales. The disappearance of this formidable shark marked a significant shift in marine ecosystems.