Mazghuna

Mazghuna is an ancient Egyptian archaeological site located in the Eastern Desert, near the Nile Valley and south of Cairo. The site is primarily known for its two pyramids, the Mazghuna South Pyramid and the Mazghuna North Pyramid, which date to the Middle Kingdom period, specifically the 12th Dynasty (around 1991–1802 BCE).

The Mazghuna pyramids are believed to have been built as funerary monuments for pharaohs or high-ranking officials, although their exact purposes remain a subject of scholarly debate. The structures are constructed with the typical Egyptian pyramid layout but are smaller and less well-preserved compared to the Great Pyramids of Giza. The South Pyramid is notable for its partially preserved core and the remains of a surrounding mortuary complex, while the North Pyramid is less intact.

The site also contains evidence of accompanying burial complexes and subterranean tomb chambers. Excavations have revealed sarcophagi, pottery, and various artifacts that provide insight into Middle Kingdom mortuary practices and architecture. The site was briefly revisited in the 20th century, but extensive excavations have been limited.

Mazghuna remains less famous than other pyramid complexes but is significant for understanding Middle Kingdom architecture and royal burial customs. Its proximity to other sites, such as Dahshur and Meidum, also positions it within the broader context of Middle Kingdom royal necropolises.

Today, the site is a designated archaeological area and is occasionally visited by researchers interested in Egypt's Middle Kingdom period. Preservation efforts are ongoing to protect its remaining structures and artifacts.