Markkinakeskittyminen

Markkinakeskittyminen, also known as market concentration, refers to the degree to which a small number of firms control a large share of the market in a particular industry. It is a key concept in industrial organization economics and is often measured using concentration ratios or the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). A high degree of market concentration suggests that a market is dominated by a few large players, while low concentration indicates a more fragmented market with many smaller competitors.

Several factors can lead to market concentration. Economies of scale, where larger firms can produce goods or services at a lower per-unit cost, can give dominant firms a competitive advantage. Network effects, common in industries like social media or telecommunications, mean that a product or service becomes more valuable as more people use it, reinforcing the position of established players. Mergers and acquisitions can also consolidate market power.

High market concentration can have significant implications for competition and consumer welfare. In highly concentrated markets, dominant firms may have the ability to influence prices, reduce output, and limit innovation. This can lead to higher prices for consumers and reduced choice. Regulatory bodies often monitor market concentration to prevent anti-competitive practices and ensure a healthy competitive landscape. Analyzing market concentration helps policymakers understand the structure of industries and the potential for market power.