Marinol

Marinol is the brand name for dronabinol, a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of cannabis. It is a prescription medication that is regulated as a controlled substance in many countries.

In the United States, the FDA approved Marinol in 1985 for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). In 1992, its approval was extended to treat AIDS-related anorexia and weight loss. It is typically used when other antiemetics are ineffective or when appetite stimulation is desired.

Dronabinol acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist, mainly at CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, which is thought to reduce nausea and stimulate appetite. The drug is taken orally and is extensively metabolized in the liver, with elimination through urine and feces. Absorption can be influenced by food intake.

Marinol is available as soft gel capsules containing 2.5, 5, or 10 mg of dronabinol. Typical dosing ranges include 2.5–10 mg per dose, given two to three times daily for CINV, or 2.5–10 mg twice daily for AIDS-related anorexia, with the exact regimen determined by a clinician. A related product, Syndros, is an oral dronabinol solution approved for similar indications.

Common adverse effects include dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria or mood changes, confusion, and impaired coordination. Cardiovascular effects such as tachycardia and hypotension, appetite changes, and dry mouth may occur. Marinol can interact with alcohol and other CNS depressants and with drugs affecting liver enzymes. It should be used with caution in individuals with a history of mental illness, cardiovascular disease, or substance use disorders. It is generally avoided in pregnancy when possible, and breastfeeding is not recommended due to potential risks. Marinol is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance in the United States.