Mantellids

Mantellids, or Mantellidae, are a family of small to medium-sized frogs in the order Anura. They are endemic to Madagascar and several nearby Indian Ocean islands, including Mayotte and the Comoros. The family comprises multiple genera, with Mantella, Boophis, and Mantidactylus among the best known, and contains a diverse array of species adapted to a variety of habitats.

Mantellids exhibit a broad ecological range. Many species are diurnal and display conspicuous coloration, particularly the Mantella frogs, which are often bright yellow, orange, or red. This vivid coloration commonly serves as aposematic signaling, indicating toxicity that some species acquire through their diet of alkaloid-containing arthropods. Adults occupy habitats from dense rainforests to open woodlands and temporary wetlands. Reproduction typically involves eggs laid in water, with free-swimming tadpoles, though life histories can vary among genera.

Conservation concerns affect mantellids due to habitat loss, deforestation, and climate change. Several species are threatened or endangered, and some have very restricted ranges. The group is of particular interest to scientists because of its evolutionary diversity and strong regional endemism to Madagascar and surrounding islands. In addition, certain Mantella species are sought after in the pet trade, which can impact wild populations when not managed responsibly.