Malacanthidae

Malacanthidae is a family of ray-finned fish commonly known as sand tilefish. These fish are found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide, inhabiting sandy or rubble substrates. They are characterized by their elongated bodies, often with a continuous dorsal fin that runs the length of their body. Their coloration can vary widely, from drab sandy browns to vibrant blues and yellows.

Sand tilefish are generally solitary and benthic, spending most of their time near the bottom. Many species are known for constructing burrows in the sand or by excavating into the substrate. These burrows serve as protection from predators and as a place to rest. Their diet consists primarily of small invertebrates, such as crustaceans and mollusks, which they forage for on the seabed.

Reproduction in Malacanthidae often involves external fertilization, with eggs and sperm released into the water column. Some species exhibit parental care, guarding their eggs until hatching. Sand tilefish are of some interest to commercial fisheries and are also popular among aquarium enthusiasts due to their unique behaviors and attractive appearances. However, some species are vulnerable to overfishing.